The cause of infectious cystitis is the action of pathogenic microorganisms, which, as a result of their vital activity, cause an inflammatory process.Pathogens can come from outside or be conditioned: they remain in a dormant stage in the genitourinary system and are activated under the influence of unfavorable factors and decrease in immune defense.
The disease has gender characteristics: cystitis is most often caused by anatomical and physiological features of the genitourinary system in women aged 25-40 years.However, cystitis can appear in adults and children at any age.
It is difficult to ignore the symptoms of inflammation of the mucosa: the first sign, burning, burning, itching during urination, frequent urges and pain.An increase in temperature is also possible: cystitis can give signs of general inflammation.
The triggering factor in the development of the disease is usually hypothermia, followed by a decrease in the body's defenses.Cystitis can be provoked by changes in sexual activity and other reasons for disruption of normal vaginal microflora.
Cystitis in women: Treatment
The difficulty of treatment is that cystitis is often not considered as a serious disease, complications of which can disrupt the functioning of the genitourinary system.Prescribing antimicrobial drugs is the only type of treatment that directly affects the cause of inflammation.In this case, self-medication is unacceptable: there is a high risk of taking ineffective drugs and, as a result, turning into a chronic form with the sudden development of acute approaches, constant swelling and complications.It should not be forgotten that complications of cystitis in women and men cause pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, dysfunction of sphincters with continuous uncontrolled urination.
Treatment of cystitis should be comprehensive: features of the clinical picture, test results, medical history and response to drugs are taken into account.However, the basis of the treatment regimen for both women and men always remains a natural or synthetic antimicrobial drug.
Antimicrobial drugs for cystitis
In the fight against microorganisms, the effect of drugs is to select or cancel their vital activity.Depending on the nature of the pathogen, antibacterial, antifungal (antimasotic) and antiprotozoal drugs are prescribed.Viral origin of cystitis is rare.It is quickly complicated by the addition of a bacterial infection, so the disease requires a prescription for antibiotics.
A group of drugs effective in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the urinary system is called "uroseptic".Antiseptics, synthetic antimicrobial agents and antibiotics of the uroseptic category are excreted through the kidneys.This creates an effective therapeutic concentration of drugs at the site of inflammation during cystitis.
Classification of uroseptics
Highlight:
- Herbal medicines for the treatment of cystitis.
- Antibiotics of natural origin (penicillins, first and third generations, tetracyclines, glycopeptides).
- Synthetic drugs with antimicrobial activity (quinolone derivatives, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, 9-hydroxyNoline derivatives, nitrofuran derivatives).
- Other antibiotics (trimethoprim), mixed antimicrobial drugs.
- Antifungal drugs.
Uroseptic plant
Centaury Herb + Lovage Root + Rosemary leaves - this is the composition of a drug from the Phytomototherapeutic Agents group, which has proven its clinical effectiveness in practice.A universal remedy based on Rosemary, Centaury and Lovage is available in two forms: a drop dose and an alcohol solution with capsules.The combination of herbal components has an anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antiseptic effect.It is better to use tablets for pregnant women.
Another popular herbal remedy for cystitis is tablets:
- Purified mumiyo powder,
- Flowers of the saints
- Saxifrage root extract,
- Madder Stem Extract,
- Extract of the membranous rhizomes of Sati,
- hay flower seed extract,
- Removal of aerial part of Onosma bracts,
- Vernonia Ashy Whole Plant Extract,
- Lime silicate powder.
The drug has antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic and diuretic effects for cystitis.
Antibiotics
A group of naturally occurring antibiotics were widely used before the era of antibiotic resistance.Due to the mass resistance of bacteria to antibacterial agents, there is a need to search for new synthetic analogues of antibiotics with an extended spectrum of activity and a low risk of developing resistance.
However, some cases of cystitis require a drug prescription from the group of antibacterial substances of natural origin.Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the latest generations are used, which are effective against the most typical pathogens of cystitis.To prescribe a drug with antimicrobial activity with the exact name of the microbial agent, in particular, the exact name of the microbial agent - the cause of the inflammatory disease of the bladder - has been determined.
Penicillins
Penicillin derivatives block the enzymatic system that serves as the basis for the formation of the cell wall.Medicines have a bactericidal effect.Penicillin drugs are combined with Clavulanic acid to increase effectiveness.It inhibits the beta-lactamase system, which further destroys the cell wall of microorganisms.In urology, so many semi-synthetic representatives of the group "protected" by Clavulanic acid are used.It can be prescribed for pregnant women if the risk of infection outweighs the risk of fetal toxicity.
Cephalosporins
The group is mainly characterized by the prescription of drugs not in tablets, but in injectable forms, which ensures the rapid achievement of the effect.Antibiotics damage the cell wall of pathogens.Severe and complicated cases of cystitis are treated with cephalosporins in the form of intramuscular injections.Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone (III generation drugs with a broad spectrum) are prescribed.Non-suspended forms of cystitis in women and men can be treated without injections: tablets of third-generation Cephalosporin antibiotics - Cefixime, Ceftibuten - are prescribed.
Phosphonic acid derivatives
Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against cystitis pathogens in clinical research and practice.The active ingredient in the tablet is fosfomycin trometamol.Its molecule inhibits the first stage of the formation of the microbial cell wall.Due to the high concentration of the drug in the urine, which lasts 24-48 hours, the drug can be used successfully in the treatment of cystitis.
It is important!When choosing an antibiotic, you should pay attention to the concentration of active components in urine.Then the bacterial level of the antimicrobial substance in the urine is obtained.It is also important that the drug for cystitis in women has little effect on the vaginal microflora, because this creates an additional risk for the progression or recurrence of cystitis.
Combinations of antibiotics are effective for cystitis (trimethoprim together with sulfamethoxazole) and fight rare pathogenic microorganisms (S. Saprofiticus).It is important to be consistent with the regimen and duration of antibiotic therapy.The duration of treatment can be from 3 to 14 days or more, depending on the complexity and severity of the case.
Synthetic uroseptic
All synthetic agents acting on pathogenic microorganisms have good antimicrobial activity.However, representatives of synthetic uroseptics for the treatment of cystitis, the most commonly used drugs, are drugs that provide the maximum concentration of the active substance in the organs of the genital system.
Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are the latest generation that inhibit microbial enzymes (DNA Gyrase) that have a bactericidal effect in cystitis.Medicines have a wide spectrum of action that affects microbes that have a resistance to other antibacterial agents.
High bioavailability, low probability of side effects and good tolerance are the reasons for the frequent prescription of this group of antibiotics.
Ciprofloxacin is the most popular uroseptic tablet in the fluoroquinolone group.Its clinical effect is well studied.You can find such trade names of the active ingredient.
Norfloxacin and levofloxacin are also used to treat cystitis.
Nitrofuran derivatives
In urological practice, the drug "Furagin" is widely used, an antibiotic with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.The level of the drug in the urine is several times higher than the minimum bacteriostatic concentration for pathogenic microbes in the treatment of cystitis.
Nitrofurantoin is the second well-known representative of the group.The active ingredient is nitrofurantoin.It is quickly excreted in the urine, the action in the genital system begins 2-4 hours after taking Furadonin, and the rate of unchanged drug in the urine is about 45%.It has a good effect in the treatment of complex cystitis in men and women caused by aerobic gram-positive or gram-negative microflora.
Sulfonamides and their combinations
This group of synthetic antibiotics was the first chemical alternative to naturally occurring antibiotics.For some time, representatives of the sulfonamide series remained in reserve with the prescription of other drug groups.Therefore, now the induced derivatives of infectious cystitis are sensitive to the action of sulfonamides, and the drugs have a good effect.
A combination of drugs is also often prescribed.Thanks to this, a better effect on the treatment can be achieved.A well-known representative of the combination drug group, which includes sulfamethoxazole and trimethrim.
Sulfamethoxazole has a similar chemical structure to Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which allows the drug to participate in the synthesis of important structural elements of microbial cells.Trimethoprim increases the effect of sulfamethoxazole by interfering with folic acid production.This significantly disrupts the metabolism in bacterial cells and causes their death.
The drug has a wide spectrum and at the same time creates the necessary level of active components in the urine to fight infections of the genital system.The course of treatment for non-dependent cystitis is 6 days.It is important to strictly adhere to the duration of antibiotic therapy for successful recovery and prevention of infection recurrence.
Antifungal (antimasotic) drugs
When the fungal nature of cystitis is confirmed or during treatment with antibiotics, drugs are prescribed to prevent fungal infections.Candidiasis is one of the common side effects of antibacterial therapy.To prevent or successfully treat this, you need to prescribe an antimasot.
For cystitis, drugs such as fluconazole, ketoconazole and iTraconazole are used.
Features of the choice and use of uroseptic
The patient must remember that the drug must be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor: you cannot stop the treatment or change the drugs yourself.Also, in order to prevent the resistance of microorganisms to the drug, uroseptic should be changed as prescribed by the doctor during long-term treatment.
The resistance of microbes in cystitis is slowly developing to drugs from groups of ampicillins, fluoroquinol and furagin.The rapid development of resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin and cephalosporins has led to the fact that representatives of this series are practically not used for the treatment of cystitis in modern clinical practice.
Doctors often prescribe combination drugs or several drugs at the same time.Chloramphenicol or sulfonamides, as well as the combination of sulfonamides with sulfonamides, expands the spectrum of action of basic drugs for cystitis and increases the effectiveness of therapy.
Herbal uroseptics are reliably and effectively combined with all known chemicals.It can be used for the development of cystitis in women during pregnancy.
A doctor, urologist or nephrologist is often faced with the task of choosing the optimal uroseptic for the treatment of a specific case of cystitis.The doctor should determine the localization of the infectious process and, if possible, find out the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to known uroseptics.Also, it is important to establish the inflammatory stage and make sure that there are no complications of the kidneys.When women are diagnosed with cystitis, the doctor must make sure that there is no pregnancy, because the drugs can be toxic to the unborn child.
Only a specialist can choose an effective and safe drug - injections or tablets - after receiving answers to all questions.Self-prescription of drugs with uroseptic activity for cystitis can lead to unwanted complications, poor effect and development of resistance in microorganisms.